- Summary,
French
version
-
- On this page : Tin
and inorganic compounds by Edouard Bastarache,
Étain
et dérivés organiques par Édouard
Bastarache
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-
TIN
and Inorganic Compounds
by
Edouard Bastarache
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- Introduction
:
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- Tin is a malleable white
metal which can easily be rolled in thin sheets. In
the soil, tin concentration varies from 2 to 200
mg/kg, and the air of the rural environment contains
less than 10ng/m³. In food, the amount is
probably lower than 1 mg, but this amount can increase
much if ingested foodstuffs are stored in tin
containers. In the absence of an inner lining (resin
or lacquer), the foodstuffs stored in tin cans can
contain up to 100 mg/kg.
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- Main
compounds :
-
- - stannic oxide,
- - tin
tetrachloride,
- - stannic
chloride,
- - stannous chloride
(see
a specific article),
- - stannous sulphate,
- - sodium stannate,
- - potassium
stannate
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- Uses and
exposure sources :
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- 1 - Containers :
- Tin covered metal sheets are
used in the manufacture of cans, containers for
aerosols and equipment for dairies.
- Tin sheets resist corrosion
and are easily welded.
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- 2 - Alloys
:
- Tin is used in the
manufacture of various alloys with zinc, nickel, lead,
copper, etc.
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- 3 - Other uses :
- Some inorganic compounds are
useful as reducing agents, mordants in the textile
industry, catalysts in the plastic industry, and the
chemistry of ceramic glazes.
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- Intoxication
by inorganic tin :
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- A - Inhalation
:
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- 1 - Metal fume fever :
- The inhalation of tin oxide
fumes can cause a syndrome similar to brass fume
fever.
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- 2 - Stannosis :
- Exposure to tin oxide fumes
and dusts can cause a benign pneumoconiosis:
stannosis.
- It is a radiological finding
: very small dense opacities resembling those of
barytosis (barium sulphate). Generally, there are no
subjective symptoms and pulmonary function tests may
remain completely normal.
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- 3 - Bronchial syndrome :
- Exposure of workers in a
bottle-factory to a stannous chloride solution has
already caused :
- - wheezing,
- - exertional shortness of
breath,
- - cough,
- - thoracic pain.
- It seems that the causal
agent was the hydrochloric acid released by the action
of heat on the aqueous stannous chloride
solution
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- 4 - Hemolysis
:
- Tétrahydrogenated tin
(SnH4) is a hemolytic poison.
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- B - Ingestion
:
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- Accidental ingestion of
inorganic tin compounds can cause a gastrointestinal
syndrome characterized by nausea, vomiting and loose
stools.
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- C-Skin
:
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- Some inorganic tin compounds
can cause irritation of the skin or the eyes because
of acid or alkaline reactions produced with water.
- Tin tetrachloride, stannous
chloride and stannous sulphate are strong acids;
sodium stannate and potassium stannate are strong
alkalies.
- Tin is also a contact skin
sensitizer, this was confirmed by skin
tests.
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- Quebec's
exposure limit :
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- VEMP (Valeur d'Exposition
Moyenne Pondérée) =
2mg/m³
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- References
:
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- 1 - Occupational
Medicine,Carl Zenz, last edition.
- 2 - Clinical
Environmental Health and Toxic Exposures, Sullivan
& Krieger; last edition.
- 3 - Sax's Dangerous
Properties of Industrial Materials, Lewis C., last
edition.
- 4 - Toxicologie
Industrielle et Intoxications Professionnelles,
Lauwerys R.R. last edition.
- 5 - Chemical Hazards of
the Workplace, Proctor & Hughes, 4th
edition
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- Edouard
Bastarache M.D.
- (Occupational
& Environmental
Medicine)
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- Author
of " Substitutions for raw ceramic
materials "
- Tracy,
Québec, CANADA
- edouardb@colba.net
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