- Smart2000.fr
-
- Summary
--------French
Version
-
-
- 2004
: LEAD & LEGISLATION
- on
ceramic products in contact with
foodstuffs
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- PbO, lead
oxide, is at the base
of many ceramic products, decorations or enamels.
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- International regulations
have become increasingly stringent taking into account
knowledge gathered on lead toxicity.
- Today this element has been
banned out of the majority of products (paints, fuels,
etc...).
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- In ceramic wares for
decorative or food use, (except in some ceramic
containers (1), lead remains tolerated but
strictly regulated by legislation allowing its
leaching limits. Lead in ceramic products must be
stable and insoluble in contact with food (lead can
come either from the decoration or from the
glaze).
-
- (1) : Ceramic containers
intended to sell agro-alimentary products. (ex.:
terrine, pots for mustard, etc...).
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- The allowed
limits are controlled by standardized tests :
-
|
Country
|
Regulation
|
Test
standards
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Number of wares
:
|
|
Japan
|
- JIS
S
- 2401
(31/07/2008)
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- ISO
8391
- ISO
6486
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6
pieces
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|
EEC
|
Directive
84/500
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NF EN
1388-1
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4
pieces
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USA
|
FDA
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- ASTM
- 1034-85 et
C738-94
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6
pieces
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California*
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Proposition
65
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- ASTM
- 1034-85 et
C738-94
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6
pieces
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California**
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Reformulated
proposition 65 for Ceramic Mugs
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- ASTM
- C738-81 test
modified (1) for total immersion and
comparison to internal volume
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6
pieces
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- And
:
- ASTM
- C927-80 (Lip and
Rim Area)
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6
pieces
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- Wares must be identical in
shape, glaze and decoration.
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- (*) : In the USA, the state
of California passed on 1995/01/01 a warning law
intended to inform consumers of the presence and the
hazards related to lead in ceramic products allowed by
the Food and Drug Administration's regulations (FDA).
The limits of this warning law are set between FDA's
regulation threshold and a minimum threshold set very
low, sometimes at the limit of detection
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- (**) : Since June 2004, the
State of California has prescribed new limits
especially concerning Ceramic Mugs calling upon a
total immersion test according to the modified ASTM
C738-81 Standard. Released lead is expressed according
to the capacity of the ware (capacity measured at 7 mm
from the higher edge). This test thus collects all the
released lead, including that coming from the external
decoration of the piece, in the internal volume of the
piece.
- The mugs must also satisfy
the "Lip and Rim Area" test according to the ASTM
C927-80 Standard in order to be accepted by the State
of California.
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- (1) The result is expressed
as follows : Pb (µg/ml) X Volume of the Solution
(ml) / Internal Volume (ml)
- The internal volume is that
which corresponds to the capacity of the piece when
filled up to 7 mm from the edge.
- Each sample is immersed in
an individual container, filled with a 4% acetic acid
solution. The volume of the solution used is noted at
the time of filling. The test must be done under
temperature conditions ranging between 20 and
24°C and lasting 24 hours.
- Then, the released lead
analysis in the solution is conducted by atomic
absorption spectrophotometry (ASTM C738-81 or ASTM C
927-80 Standard).
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- Allowable limits concern
several categories of products :
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- Flatwares of < 25 mm
depth
- Small hollowares of < 1,1
liter volume
- Large hollowares of > 1,1
liter volume (and up to 3 liters for
Japan)
- (** Large Hollowares > 3
liters - for Japan only)
- Cups and mugs, pitchers
- Mugs (California
reformulated prop 65)
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- Limits :
|
Country
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Flatwares
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Small
hollowares
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Large
hollowares
|
Cups, bowls,
pitchers
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MUGS
(California)
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Japan
|
8
µg/cm²
|
2 µg/ml
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1 µg/ml (** 0.5
µg/ml)
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-
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-
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USA (FDA)
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3,0 ppm
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2,0 ppm
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1,0 ppm
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0,5 ppm
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-
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California
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0,226 ppm
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0,100 ppm
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0,100 ppm
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0,100 ppm
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0,99 ppm
(immersion)
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4 ppm (Lip and Rim -
FDA)
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EEC
|
0,8
mg/dm²
|
4,0 mg/L
|
1,5mg/L
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- Translated by Edouard
Bastarche
- edouardb@colba.net
- Sorel-Tracy
- Quebec
- Canada
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- Smart2000.fr
©
Septembre 2004
-
FRANCE
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et documenté par le propriétaire du site
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